ESP8266, PN532 RFID, and Google Spreadsheet based In/Out Time Tracking System

Google Sheet Tracker

Engr Fahad

6,405

Table of Contents

ESP8266, PN532 RFID, & Google Spreadsheet:

ESP8266, PN532 RFID, and Google Spreadsheet based In/Out Time Tracking System- In today’s article, you will learn how to make an IoT based In/Out Time Tracking System using the Nodemcu ESP8266 WiFi Module, the PN532 NFC RFID Module, an I2C-supported SSD1306 Oled Display Module, and Google Spreadsheet or Google sheets.

The reason I selected the PN532 RFID module is that it’s a low-cost and low-power RFID module. And it supports multiple interfaces HSU “ High Speed UART”, I2C, and SPI. In my previous article, I have already explained how to use all three interfaces.

In this article, I am going to use the I2C interface because my Oled display module is also an I2C-supported device, so using the I2C interface I can reduce the wiring. So, using only two pins on the Nodemcu ESP8266, I can communicate with both modules.

As usual, I am using the same ESP8266 development board. It doesn’t matter if you don’t have this development board you can do all the connections on a breadboard. Let me show you all the connections.

The SDA and SCL pins of the PN532 RFID module are connected with the Nodemcu ESP8266 WiFi module D1 and D2 pins. D1 is the SCL and D2 is the SDA. Likewise, the SDA and SCL pins of the SSD1306 Oled display module are connected with the same pins D1 and D2 on the Nodemcu Module. So, using these two pins we can communicate with both modules and this is only possible because of the I2C addresses. These modules have different I2C addresses.

The VCC and GND pins of the Oled display and the RFID module are connected with the 3.3V and GND pins of the Nodemcu module. If you face any difficulty in doing all these connections then you can follow this circuit diagram.

PN532 Rfid Module interfacing with ESP8266:

First we will connect the RFID with ESP8266:

Connect the SCL pin of the RFID with D1 pin of the ESP8266
Connect the SDA pin of the RFID with D2 pin of the ESP8266
Connect the VCC of the RFID with 3.3V of the ESP8266
Connect the GND of the RFID with GND of the ESP8266

Then connect the OLED with ESP8266

Connect the SCL pin of the OLED with D1 pin of the ESP8266
Connect the SDA pin of the OLED with D2 pin of the ESP8266
Connect the VCC of the OLED with 3.3V of the ESP8266

Connect the GND of the OLED with GND of the ESP8266

One more thing that I would like to talk about is, as I said earlier the PN532 supports multiple interfaces which are UART, I2C, and SPI. For selecting any of these interfaces you will need to accordingly adjust the toggle switches. Since I am using an I2C interface so that’s why channel 1 is ON and channel 2 is OFF.

As usual, before, I am going to explain how to set up your Google Spreadsheet and how to connect it with the Nodemcu ESP8266 WiFi module. First, let’s watch this project in action.

Practical demonstration:

Right now, my Nodemcu ESP8266 WiFi Module and Laptop are connected to the WiFi. Let me also tell you, it’s not necessary to use the same WiFi network, you can use different WiFi networks. It’s an IoT project, you can monitor the employees or students in/out of time from any part of the world.

Anyway, on the Google spreadsheet, I can monitor the Date, Time, Name of the employee or a student, the ID, and the in/out status.

I am going to swipe the RFID tags and you will practically see how it works.

The Oled display module is optional, if you remove this it won’t have any effect on the project. But it’s good to use a display, because without the display you will be confused and you won’t be sure if the card is successfully swiped.

Right now, on the Oled display, you can see the message waiting…

this means you can swipe the RFID tag, and when it reads the RFID tag, the message Success is printed on the display. I am sure by now, you might have got an idea of how this system works. So, without any further delay let’s get started!!!

Amazon Links:

Nodemcu ESP8266 WiFi Module

PN532 RFID Module

SSD1306 Oled Display Module

Disclosure: These are affiliate links. As an Amazon Associate I earn from qualifying purchases.

Google Spreadsheet Setup:

You will need to carefully set up your Google Spreadsheet or Google sheet for logging the required data. If you miss anything, you won’t be able to get it connected to your Nodemcu ESP8266 WiFi Module. I am not using Google Spreadsheet for the first time, I have used it in some other projects too. So, for more information on Google spreadsheets, watch my previous articles. Right now you can follow the same exact steps.

Click on the Google apps and click on the Sheet

Then click on the blank sheet

Then give a name to the sheet and enter the date, time, id, and status.

Click on the extension and click on the App Script

Then the App script will open

Paste the following code:

// Enter Spreadsheet ID here
var SS = SpreadsheetApp.openById('1XFghoRmZzNLlYEkPPEEs1gjxM0aUsz_5HDJ58aQ_cKg');
var str = "";

function doPost(e) {

var parsedData;
  var result = {};
  
  try { 
    parsedData = JSON.parse(e.postData.contents);
  } 
  catch(f){
    return ContentService.createTextOutput("Error in parsing request body: " + f.message);
  }
   
  if (parsedData !== undefined){
    var flag = parsedData.format;
    if (flag === undefined){
      flag = 0;
    }
    
    var sheet = SS.getSheetByName(parsedData.sheet_name); // sheet name to publish data to is specified in Arduino code
    var dataArr = parsedData.values.split(","); // creates an array of the values to publish 
         
    var date_now = Utilities.formatDate(new Date(), "CST", "yyyy/MM/dd"); // gets the current date
    var time_now = Utilities.formatDate(new Date(), "CST", "hh:mm:ss a"); // gets the current time
    
    var value0 = dataArr [0]; // value0 from Arduino code
    var value1 = dataArr [1]; // value1 from Arduino code
    var value2 = dataArr [2]; // value2 from Arduino code
    
    
    // read and execute command from the "payload_base" string specified in Arduino code
    switch (parsedData.command) {
      
      case "insert_row":
         
         sheet.insertRows(2); // insert full row directly below header text
         
         //var range = sheet.getRange("A2:D2");              // use this to insert cells just above the existing data instead of inserting an entire row
         //range.insertCells(SpreadsheetApp.Dimension.ROWS); // use this to insert cells just above the existing data instead of inserting an entire row
         
         sheet.getRange('A2').setValue(date_now); // publish current date to cell A2
         sheet.getRange('B2').setValue(time_now); // publish current time to cell B2
         sheet.getRange('C2').setValue(value0);   // publish value0 from Arduino code to cell C2
         sheet.getRange('D2').setValue(value1);   // publish value1 from Arduino code to cell D2
         sheet.getRange('E2').setValue(value2);   // publish value2 from Arduino code to cell E2
         
         str = "Success"; // string to return back to Arduino serial console
         SpreadsheetApp.flush();
         break;
         
      case "append_row":
         
         var publish_array = new Array(); // create a new array
         
         publish_array [0] = date_now; // add current date to position 0 in publish_array
         publish_array [1] = time_now; // add current time to position 1 in publish_array
         publish_array [2] = value0;   // add value0 from Arduino code to position 2 in publish_array
         publish_array [3] = value1;   // add value1 from Arduino code to position 3 in publish_array
         publish_array [4] = value2;   // add value2 from Arduino code to position 4 in publish_array
         
         sheet.appendRow(publish_array); // publish data in publish_array after the last row of data in the sheet
         
         str = "Success"; // string to return back to Arduino serial console
         SpreadsheetApp.flush();
         break;     
 
    }
    
    return ContentService.createTextOutput(str);
  } // endif (parsedData !== undefined)
  
  else {
    return ContentService.createTextOutput("Error! Request body empty or in incorrect format.");
  }
}

// Enter Spreadsheet ID here

var SS = SpreadsheetApp.openById('1XFghoRmZzNLlYEkPPEEs1gjxM0aUsz_5HDJ58aQ_cKg');

var str = "";

function doPost(e) {

var parsedData;

var result = {};

try {

parsedData = JSON.parse(e.postData.contents);

}

catch(f){

return ContentService.createTextOutput("Error in parsing request body: " + f.message);

}

if (parsedData !== undefined){

var flag = parsedData.format;

if (flag === undefined){

flag = 0;

}

var sheet = SS.getSheetByName(parsedData.sheet_name); // sheet name to publish data to is specified in Arduino code

var dataArr = parsedData.values.split(","); // creates an array of the values to publish

var date_now = Utilities.formatDate(new Date(), "CST", "yyyy/MM/dd"); // gets the current date

var time_now = Utilities.formatDate(new Date(), "CST", "hh:mm:ss a"); // gets the current time

var value0 = dataArr [0]; // value0 from Arduino code

var value1 = dataArr [1]; // value1 from Arduino code

var value2 = dataArr [2]; // value2 from Arduino code

// read and execute command from the "payload_base" string specified in Arduino code

switch (parsedData.command) {

case "insert_row":

sheet.insertRows(2); // insert full row directly below header text

//var range = sheet.getRange("A2:D2"); // use this to insert cells just above the existing data instead of inserting an entire row

//range.insertCells(SpreadsheetApp.Dimension.ROWS); // use this to insert cells just above the existing data instead of inserting an entire row

sheet.getRange('A2').setValue(date_now); // publish current date to cell A2

sheet.getRange('B2').setValue(time_now); // publish current time to cell B2

sheet.getRange('C2').setValue(value0); // publish value0 from Arduino code to cell C2

sheet.getRange('D2').setValue(value1); // publish value1 from Arduino code to cell D2

sheet.getRange('E2').setValue(value2); // publish value2 from Arduino code to cell E2

str = "Success"; // string to return back to Arduino serial console

SpreadsheetApp.flush();

break;

case "append_row":

var publish_array = new Array(); // create a new array

publish_array [0] = date_now; // add current date to position 0 in publish_array

publish_array [1] = time_now; // add current time to position 1 in publish_array

publish_array [2] = value0; // add value0 from Arduino code to position 2 in publish_array

publish_array [3] = value1; // add value1 from Arduino code to position 3 in publish_array

publish_array [4] = value2; // add value2 from Arduino code to position 4 in publish_array

sheet.appendRow(publish_array); // publish data in publish_array after the last row of data in the sheet

str = "Success"; // string to return back to Arduino serial console

SpreadsheetApp.flush();

break;

}

return ContentService.createTextOutput(str);

} // endif (parsedData !== undefined)

else {

return ContentService.createTextOutput("Error! Request body empty or in incorrect format.");

}

Then click on Deploy and click on the New Development

Then click on the enable deployment types.

Now select deploy as web

Now select anyone and click on the deploy

Now select the account in which you have created the Google sheet.

Now click on the go to ESP8266 and RFID with Google sheet unsafe

Now click on the allow button to give access to the account

Then copy the deployment id

Paste the deployment id in the code

Download Complete Code

Project code:

#include <Adafruit_GFX.h>
#include <Adafruit_SSD1306.h>
#include <Arduino.h>
#include <ESP8266WiFi.h>
#include "HTTPSRedirect.h"
#include <Wire.h>
#include <PN532_I2C.h>
#include <PN532.h>
#include <NfcAdapter.h>

PN532_I2C pn532_i2c(Wire);
 int ledpin1=D5;
 int ledpin2=D6;
NfcAdapter nfc = NfcAdapter(pn532_i2c);
  String tagId1 = "FA 5F 99 1A";
   String tagId2= "39 0B B6 B0";
String tagId = "None";
byte nuidPICC[4];

// Enter network credentials:
const char* ssid     = "AndroidAP3DEC";
const char* password = "electroniclinic";

// Enter Google Script Deployment ID:
const char *GScriptId = "AKfycbwmOKtVpFvW84U-A_-TeNyA3a-eyfXbO6kNg-WuErOYuNA0WW9XKKXlAddlF6iDnjmWQQ";

// Enter command (insert_row or append_row) and your Google Sheets sheet name (default is Sheet1):
String payload_base =  "{\"command\": \"insert_row\", \"sheet_name\": \"Sheet1\", \"values\": ";
String payload = "";

// Google Sheets setup (do not edit)
const char* host = "script.google.com";
const int httpsPort = 443;
const char* fingerprint = "";
String url = String("/macros/s/") + GScriptId + "/exec";
HTTPSRedirect* client = nullptr;

// Declare variables that will be published to Google Sheets
String user = "";
String id = "";
String enter ="";

#define SCREEN_WIDTH 128 // OLED display width, in pixels
#define SCREEN_HEIGHT 64 // OLED display height, in pixels

// Declaration for an SSD1306 display connected to I2C (SDA, SCL pins)
#define OLED_RESET     -1 // Reset pin # (or -1 if sharing Arduino reset pin)
Adafruit_SSD1306 display(SCREEN_WIDTH, SCREEN_HEIGHT, &Wire, OLED_RESET);

void setup() {
  Serial.begin(9600);        
  Serial.println('\n');
   pinMode(ledpin1,OUTPUT);
  pinMode(ledpin2,OUTPUT);
  Serial.println("System initialized");

nfc.begin();
   digitalWrite(ledpin1, LOW);
        digitalWrite(ledpin2, LOW);
  // Connect to WiFi
  WiFi.begin(ssid, password);             
  Serial.print("Connecting to ");
  Serial.print(ssid); Serial.println(" ...");

while (WiFi.status() != WL_CONNECTED) {
    delay(1000);
    Serial.print(".");
  }
  Serial.println('\n');
  Serial.println("Connection established!");  
  Serial.print("IP address:\t");
  Serial.println(WiFi.localIP());

// Use HTTPSRedirect class to create a new TLS connection
  client = new HTTPSRedirect(httpsPort);
  client->setInsecure();
  client->setPrintResponseBody(true);
  client->setContentTypeHeader("application/json");
  
  Serial.print("Connecting to ");
  Serial.println(host);

// Try to connect for a maximum of 5 times
  bool flag = false;
  for (int i=0; i<5; i++){ 
    int retval = client->connect(host, httpsPort);
    if (retval == 1){
       flag = true;
       Serial.println("Connected");
       break;
    }
    else
      Serial.println("Connection failed. Retrying...");
  }
  if (!flag){
    Serial.print("Could not connect to server: ");
    Serial.println(host);
    return;
  }
  delete client;    // delete HTTPSRedirect object
  client = nullptr; // delete HTTPSRedirect object

display.begin(SSD1306_SWITCHCAPVCC, 0x3C);
  delay(2000);
  display.clearDisplay();
  display.setTextColor(WHITE);
  delay(10);
  
}

void loop() {

// create some fake data to publish
display.clearDisplay();
     display.setTextSize(2);
  display.setCursor(0, 10);
 display.print("Waiting..."); 
  display.display();

readNFC();
display.clearDisplay();
     display.setTextSize(2);
  display.setCursor(0, 10);
 display.print("Success"); 
  display.display();
  if(tagId==tagId1)
  {
    if( digitalRead(ledpin1) == 0)
    {
      digitalWrite(ledpin1, HIGH);
      user="Fahad";
      id="123";
      enter="in";
       updatesheet(user,id, enter);
      tagId = "";
      delay(1000);
      
    }

}

if(tagId==tagId1)
  {
             if( digitalRead(ledpin1) == 1)
    {
      digitalWrite(ledpin1, LOW);
      enter="";
      user="Fahad";
      id="123";
      enter="out";
             updatesheet(user,id, enter);

tagId = "";
      delay(1000);
    }

}
      
      if(tagId==tagId2)
  {
    if( digitalRead(ledpin2) == 0)
    {
      digitalWrite(ledpin2, HIGH);
      user="";
      id="";
      enter="";
      user="Fawad";
      id="456";
      enter="in";
             updatesheet(user,id, enter);

tagId = "";
      delay(1000);
      
    }

}

if(tagId==tagId2)
  {
             if( digitalRead(ledpin2) == 1)
    {
      digitalWrite(ledpin2, LOW);
       user="Fawad";
      id="456";
      enter="out";
             updatesheet(user,id, enter);

tagId = "";
      delay(1000);
    }

}
  
}
void updatesheet(String user, String id, String enter)

{

static bool flag = false;
  if (!flag){
    client = new HTTPSRedirect(httpsPort);
    client->setInsecure();
    flag = true;
    client->setPrintResponseBody(true);
    client->setContentTypeHeader("application/json");
  }
  if (client != nullptr){
    if (!client->connected()){
      client->connect(host, httpsPort);
    }
  }
  else{
    Serial.println("Error creating client object!");
  }
  
  // Create json object string to send to Google Sheets
  payload = payload_base + "\"" + user + "," + id + "," + enter + "\"}";
  
  // Publish data to Google Sheets
  Serial.println("Publishing data...");
  Serial.println(payload);
  if(client->POST(url, host, payload)){ 
    // do stuff here if publish was successful
  }
  else{
    // do stuff here if publish was not successful
    Serial.println("Error while connecting");
  }

// a delay of several seconds is required before publishing again    
  delay(5000);
  }

void readNFC() {
  if (nfc.tagPresent())
  {
    NfcTag tag = nfc.read();
    tag.print();
    tagId = tag.getUidString();
    Serial.println("Tag id");
    Serial.println(tagId);
  }
  delay(1000);
}

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#include <Adafruit_GFX.h>

#include <Adafruit_SSD1306.h>

#include <Arduino.h>

#include <ESP8266WiFi.h>

#include "HTTPSRedirect.h"

#include <Wire.h>

#include <PN532_I2C.h>

#include <PN532.h>

#include <NfcAdapter.h>

PN532_I2C pn532_i2c(Wire);

int ledpin1=D5;

int ledpin2=D6;

NfcAdapter nfc = NfcAdapter(pn532_i2c);

String tagId1 = "FA 5F 99 1A";

String tagId2= "39 0B B6 B0";

String tagId = "None";

byte nuidPICC[4];

// Enter network credentials:

const char* ssid = "AndroidAP3DEC";

const char* password = "electroniclinic";

// Enter Google Script Deployment ID:

const char *GScriptId = "AKfycbwmOKtVpFvW84U-A_-TeNyA3a-eyfXbO6kNg-WuErOYuNA0WW9XKKXlAddlF6iDnjmWQQ";

// Enter command (insert_row or append_row) and your Google Sheets sheet name (default is Sheet1):

String payload_base = "{\"command\": \"insert_row\", \"sheet_name\": \"Sheet1\", \"values\": ";

String payload = "";

// Google Sheets setup (do not edit)

const char* host = "script.google.com";

const int httpsPort = 443;

const char* fingerprint = "";

String url = String("/macros/s/") + GScriptId + "/exec";

HTTPSRedirect* client = nullptr;

// Declare variables that will be published to Google Sheets

String user = "";

String id = "";

String enter ="";

#define SCREEN_WIDTH 128 // OLED display width, in pixels

#define SCREEN_HEIGHT 64 // OLED display height, in pixels

// Declaration for an SSD1306 display connected to I2C (SDA, SCL pins)

#define OLED_RESET -1 // Reset pin # (or -1 if sharing Arduino reset pin)

Adafruit_SSD1306 display(SCREEN_WIDTH, SCREEN_HEIGHT, &Wire, OLED_RESET);

void setup() {

Serial.begin(9600);

Serial.println('\n');

pinMode(ledpin1,OUTPUT);

pinMode(ledpin2,OUTPUT);

Serial.println("System initialized");

nfc.begin();

digitalWrite(ledpin1, LOW);

digitalWrite(ledpin2, LOW);

// Connect to WiFi

WiFi.begin(ssid, password);

Serial.print("Connecting to ");

Serial.print(ssid); Serial.println(" ...");

while (WiFi.status() != WL_CONNECTED) {

delay(1000);

Serial.print(".");

}

Serial.println('\n');

Serial.println("Connection established!");

Serial.print("IP address:\t");

Serial.println(WiFi.localIP());

// Use HTTPSRedirect class to create a new TLS connection

client = new HTTPSRedirect(httpsPort);

client->setInsecure();

client->setPrintResponseBody(true);

client->setContentTypeHeader("application/json");

Serial.print("Connecting to ");

Serial.println(host);

// Try to connect for a maximum of 5 times

bool flag = false;

for (int i=0; i<5; i++){

int retval = client->connect(host, httpsPort);

if (retval == 1){

flag = true;

Serial.println("Connected");

break;

}

else

Serial.println("Connection failed. Retrying...");

}

if (!flag){

Serial.print("Could not connect to server: ");

Serial.println(host);

return;

}

delete client; // delete HTTPSRedirect object

client = nullptr; // delete HTTPSRedirect object

display.begin(SSD1306_SWITCHCAPVCC, 0x3C);

delay(2000);

display.clearDisplay();

display.setTextColor(WHITE);

delay(10);

}

void loop() {

// create some fake data to publish

display.clearDisplay();

display.setTextSize(2);

display.setCursor(0, 10);

display.print("Waiting...");

display.display();

readNFC();

display.clearDisplay();

display.setTextSize(2);

display.setCursor(0, 10);

display.print("Success");

display.display();

if(tagId==tagId1)

{

if( digitalRead(ledpin1) == 0)

{

digitalWrite(ledpin1, HIGH);

user="Fahad";

id="123";

enter="in";

updatesheet(user,id, enter);

tagId = "";

delay(1000);

}

if(tagId==tagId1)

{

if( digitalRead(ledpin1) == 1)

{

digitalWrite(ledpin1, LOW);

enter="";

user="Fahad";

id="123";

enter="out";

updatesheet(user,id, enter);

tagId = "";

delay(1000);

}

if(tagId==tagId2)

{

if( digitalRead(ledpin2) == 0)

{

digitalWrite(ledpin2, HIGH);

user="";

id="";

enter="";

user="Fawad";

id="456";

enter="in";

updatesheet(user,id, enter);

tagId = "";

delay(1000);

}

if(tagId==tagId2)

{

if( digitalRead(ledpin2) == 1)

{

digitalWrite(ledpin2, LOW);

user="Fawad";

id="456";

enter="out";

updatesheet(user,id, enter);

tagId = "";

delay(1000);

}

void updatesheet(String user, String id, String enter)

{

static bool flag = false;

if (!flag){

client = new HTTPSRedirect(httpsPort);

client->setInsecure();

flag = true;

client->setPrintResponseBody(true);

client->setContentTypeHeader("application/json");

}

if (client != nullptr){

if (!client->connected()){

client->connect(host, httpsPort);

}

else{

Serial.println("Error creating client object!");

}

// Create json object string to send to Google Sheets

payload = payload_base + "\"" + user + "," + id + "," + enter + "\"}";

// Publish data to Google Sheets

Serial.println("Publishing data...");

Serial.println(payload);

if(client->POST(url, host, payload)){

// do stuff here if publish was successful

}

else{

// do stuff here if publish was not successful

Serial.println("Error while connecting");

}

// a delay of several seconds is required before publishing again

delay(5000);

}

void readNFC() {

if (nfc.tagPresent())

{

NfcTag tag = nfc.read();

tag.print();

tagId = tag.getUidString();

Serial.println("Tag id");

Serial.println(tagId);

}

delay(1000);

}

The Google sheet setup is completed and finally, you can click on the Upload button.

Make sure you keep the main programming file and all the header files in the same folder. For the Nodemcu ESP8266 WiFi board installation and libraries installation, you can read my getting started articles on the Google spreadsheet, PN532 RFID module, and SSD1306 Oled Display Module.

After uploading the code, next I opened the Serial Monitor and started to swipe the RFID tags in order to find the Tag ids. Right now I am using only two RFID tags.

Anyway, I added both the Tag ids in the programming and again uploaded the program. I came back to Google Spreadsheet in order to check if I can receive the Date, Time, Name, ID, and Status.

As soon as I swiped the RFID Tag I received the data. So, this is how easily you can send anything from Nodemcu ESP8266 to Google Spreadsheet from any part of the world. So, that’s all for now.

Watch the Video Tutorial:

Engr Fahad

6,405

3 Comments

Gary Leca says:

June 19, 2023 at 10:01 pm

Hi great article.
I always wonder something about these projects and perhaps you could shed some light.
What happens if the power gets interupted or the wifi connection gets disrupted inbetween the time the card is swiped and sent?
Is there perhaps a different and more reliable approach to using google sheets and insuring for 100% certain that the data is logged and did indeed reach the spreadsheet.
I had a similar project with a load cell and out of say 25 “send data” the spreadhseet only registered say 24 for example which kind of makes the whole project unreliable.
I would love to know your thoughts and opinion on this. I love your website and the way you explain everything.

Agustin says:

August 5, 2023 at 8:45 pm

Hi, I tried the code, but I keep getting the following error in the serial monitor:

System initialized
Didn’t find PN53x board

Does anyone know how to solve it?

1. Olivier Dikken says:
  
  October 13, 2023 at 12:21 am
  
  No i have the same, I have mine in HSU mode, i tried many different combinations of pin connections following everything people online have said but nothing works for me so far with nodemcu. I soldered the wires at 90 degree angle on the pn532, i have no idea what to do now.

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